PURE KETAMINE TYPE-S

Pure Ketamine Type-S

Pure Ketamine Type-S refers to the S(+)-ketamine, also known as esketamine, which is the purified dextrorotatory enantiomer of ketamine. It is recognized for its enhanced potency and improved safety profile compared to racemic ketamine (which contains both S- and R-enantiomers).

What Is S-Ketamine (Type-S)?

• S-Ketamine is the more active enantiomer of ketamine, exhibiting approximately four times stronger binding affinity to NMDA receptors than the R-enantiomer.

• It is FDA-approved in the form of Spravato nasal spray for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and is used clinically for anesthesia and analgesia.

• S-Ketamine acts primarily as a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, leading to dissociative anesthesia, analgesia, and rapid antidepressant effects.

• It also interacts with opioid, monoamine, adenosine, and other receptors, contributing to its broad pharmacological profile.

Key Features & Effects

• Potency: Higher NMDA receptor binding leads to stronger anesthetic and antidepressant effects at lower doses.

• Therapeutic Uses:

  • Anesthesia and sedation, especially in emergency and intensive care settings.

  • Rapid relief of treatment-resistant depression and suicidal ideation via intranasal administration.

  • Analgesia and neuroprotection in various clinical scenarios.

• Side Effects:

  • Dissociation, hallucinations, dizziness, nausea, increased salivation, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

  • Generally fewer psychotropic side effects compared to racemic ketamine.

• Pharmacodynamics: Stimulates sympathetic nervous system, causing temporary increases in heart rate and blood pressure, with minimal respiratory depression at therapeutic doses.

Advantages Over Racemic Ketamine

• More potent and effective at lower doses.

• Reduced incidence of psychotropic adverse effects like hallucinations and dissociation.

• Faster onset and more sustained antidepressant effects.

• Approved for clinical use in specific formulations (e.g., Spravato nasal spray).

Physical Form

• Pure S-ketamine is typically available as a clear, colorless liquid for injection or as a nasal spray formulation.

• The “Type-S” designation highlights its enantiomeric purity and clinical-grade quality.